Senin, 28 Maret 2016

semantics

Words are not limited to one single meaning. Most words have multiple meanings, which are categorized as either denotative or connotative. The denotation of a word is its explicit definition as listed in a dictionary. Let’s use the word “home” as an example. The denotative or literal meaning of “home” is “ a place where one lives; a residence.” Hint: Denotation, denotative, definition, and dictionary all start with the letter ‘D.The expressiveness of language, however, comes from the other type of word meaning—connotation, or the association or set of associations that a word usually brings to mind . The connotative meaning of “home” is a place of security, comfort, and family. When Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz says, “There’s no place like home,” she’s not referring to its denotation, but the emotions “home” evokes for her and most people. The connotative and denotative meanings of words are both correct, but a word’s connotation determines when it is used. By definition, synonyms have the same denotation or literal meaning, but almost always have different connotations, or shades of meaning. For example, the synonyms of “boat” include ship, yacht, dinghy, and ferry. All these words refer to the same thing, but each elicits a different association in the reader’s mind.
Denotation and Connotation 
  • Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨ For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative meanings is "any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles¡Khaving a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions."
  • Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger.
·         An implication is something that is suggested, or happens, indirectly. When you left the gate open and the dog escaped, you were guilty by implication.
Implication has many different senses: Usually used in the plural, implications are effects or consequences that may happen in the future. You might ask, "What are the implications of our decision?" Implication is also the state of being implicated, or connected to something bad




Senin, 21 Maret 2016

SEMANTIC

                  Euphemism"Euphemism Definition"
What is Euphemism ??
Euphemism is an idiomatic expression which loses its literal meanings and refers to something else in order to hide its unpleasantness.
For example, “kick the bucket” is a euphemism that describes the death of a person.
Euphemism depends largely on the social context of the speakers and writers where they feel the need to replace certain words which may prove embarrassing for particular listeners or readers in a particular situation.
"Techniques for Creating Euphemism"
         Euphemism masks a rude or impolite expression but conveys the concept clearly and politely. Several techniques are employed to create euphemism.It may be in the form of abbreviations e.g. B.O. (body odor), W.C. (toilet) etc.Foreign words may be used to replace an impolite expression e.g. faux (fake), or faux pas (foolish error) etc.Sometimes, they are abstractions e.g. before I go (before I die).
       Euphemism is frequently used in everyday life. Let us look at some common euphemism examples:You are becoming a little thin on top (bald).Our teacher is in the family way (pregnant).He is always tired and emotional (drunk).We do not hire mentally challenged (stupid) people.He is a special child (disabled or retarded).
"Examples of Euphemism in Literature"
Example #1Examples of euphemism referring to sex are found in William Shakespeare ’s “ Othello” and “ Antony and Cleopatra ”. In “ Othello”, Act 1 Scene 1, Iago tells Brabantio:“I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs.”


Senin, 07 Maret 2016


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Referent

referent is a person or thing to which a linguistic expression or other symbol refers. For example, in the sentence Mary saw me, the referent of the word Mary is the particular person called Mary who is being spoken of, while the referent of the word me is the person uttering the sentence


SYMBOLS AND REFERENTS ARE TWO DIFFERENT OBJECTS

     So the second most important thing to know about symbols and referents is that they are two different objects. And because they are two dutifferent objects they have two different quality sets, each one describing the object that the quality set belongs .